Costume Vs Garment - Describing Traditional Folk Attire
“Costume” is the word you’ll find again and again online when searching for traditional Greek folk clothing.
After years of researching Greek traditional clothes, I’ve realized how much this single word can distort the true meaning of these garments and the traditions they carry.
Let’s explore why I believe the word garment is a better one to use.
The Problem with the Word “Costume”
At first glance, “costume” may seem appropriate, as it’s a commonly accepted term. But, if you pause and consider what that word implies, it becomes clear why it might not be the most accurate way to refer to folk dress.
The word costume tends to carry associations with make-believe, performance, or temporary transformation. Think of Halloween costumes, carnival outfits, or theatrical wardrobes—costumes are things we put on to become someone else.
But, would we call our everyday clothing a costume? Or our wedding attire—could that be considered a costume? Not really, right?
That’s why, when we say “costume” to describe traditional folk attire—clothing that was worn daily or reserved for important occasions—it can feel a bit… off.
In some contexts, the word “costume” even feels tokenistic, as if the outfit is more about exotic display than lived experience. It can risk flattening centuries of culture, craftsmanship and symbolism into something merely decorative.
Why “Garment” is more suited
By contrast, garment is a word that I think captures the essence of these clothes much better. It doesn’t carry the same baggage of performance or play.
A garment is worn. It serves a purpose. It fits into everyday life or ritual.
The word also allows space for seriousness, for beauty, for craft.
When I describe folk clothing as garments, I’m choosing a word that acknowledges these clothes as part of a real, lived history.
A Note on the Greek Language
If you’re wondering whether this distinction exists in Greek, it absolutely does!
In modern Greek, traditional attire is often referred to as στολές (stolés), a word that literally translates to “costumes.” It’s also the word used for military uniforms, which complicates things more.
However, there is another Greek word: φορεσιά (foresiá). This word comes from the verb “to wear” (φορώ), and it’s a much better word for these garments. It carries a sense of something worn with purpose, history and identity. It’s not about performance—it reflects both function and meaning, just like “garment.”
Why This Matters
This may seem like a small detail—but as anyone who works with language knows, the words we choose shape the way we think. When we call folk clothing a costume, we risk minimizing it, distancing it from the people who wore it and the lives they lived.
Choosing a different word—like garment, attire, or dress—isn’t just about accuracy. It’s about respect and about keeping cultural memory alive.
What do you think?
English isn’t my first language, so I’m always curious about how certain words land with different people.
What is your opinion? Is there a better word?
I’d love to hear your perspective—just send me a message.
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